The International Holocaust Remembrance Day is the
day designated by the United Nations Organisation to commemorate the victims of
the Holocaust. It falls on January 27th on the anniversary of the
liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, one of concentration camps for Jews in Poland
under the Nazi rule. The UN wants every member state to pay their respect to
the victims of the Nazi era and to develop educational programs to help prevent
future genocides.
The word ‘Holocaust’ originally meant the animal sacrifice offered to the
Gods in burnt form but during the 1950s, it acquired a very specialised meaning
of the genocide of the Jews under the Nazi rule. This mass extinction of Jews
was initiated by Hitler’s belief in the superiority of the Aryan races. The
Nazis were of the belief that their race, the Aryan race was superior and that
all the other races had to be exterminated using different methods.
The Holocaust began in 1933 when Hitler came to power and ended only in
1945 with the defeat of Germany by the allied forces in the Second World War.
Though the extermination of the Jews was happening at a huge scale, the other
countries of the world did not come to know about the concentration camps until
it was too late.
The Nazis wanted to keep the fate of the Jews a secret and they destroyed
all evidence pertaining to the mass killings such as the crematoria, gas
chambers and people. But the truth is that the existence of concentration camps
to annihilate the Jews was something hard for the allied powers to believe in.
When survivors who escaped described the Holocaust based on their
experiences, most of listeners were full of disbelief at the cruelty of the
Nazi soldiers. Many survivors went through this experience and were crestfallen
when nobody wanted to believe them.
The Jews were subjected to unnameable acts of torture and many of the
survivors are of the opinion that this enormity of their trauma made their
memories and testimonies incoherent and unbelievable. Even sharing of these
testimonials was a difficult act for many of the survivors.
The horrors of this historical event have been portrayed in historical
documents, survivor testimonies and memoirs. But the Holocaust was a not single
event but an annihilation process that had many locations across Europe and
millions of victims who were tortured and killed.
One
common thread that runs through survivor testimonies and memoirs of the
Holocaust is the hunger that the Jews suffered in the ghettoes and in the concentration
camps. They were given soups that were more like vegetables in hot water. The
physically weak, the old and children were immediately sent to the gas
chambers.